Ada 4 kejadian dalam perfect tense, diantaranya:
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Kejadian Dalam Perfect Tense: Peristiwa/kejadian sudah selesai terjadi
Kejadian dalam perfect tense yang pertama adalah Peristiwa yang sudah selesai terjadi ditandai dengan penggunaan time signal yang menunjukkan kejadiannya yang sudah selesai terjadi. Time signal dalam peristiwa/kejadian ini umumnya memakai time signal nomor: 1, 2, 4 serta menggunakan general time signal.
– Perbedaan dan persamaan penggunaan present perfect VS Simple Past
| Present Perfect (sudah selesai) (SS) | Simple Past |
| Kejadian: selesai | Selesai |
| Rumus: S + have/has + V3 | S + v2 |
| Time Signal: Indefinite Time Signal (tidak jelas waktunya) | Definite Time Signal (jelas waktunya) |
| Orientasi: Effect | Orientasi: Time |
Example:
- She has eaten the fish (present perfect)
- She ate the fish yesterday (simple past)
2. Kejadian Dalam Perfect Tense: Peristiwa yang masih berlangsung terjadi
Kejadian dalam perfect tense yang kedua adalah Peristiwa atau kejadian yang masih berlangsung dengan ditandai oleh penggunaan time signal nomor: 3, 5, 6 serta menggunakan spesific time signal (Time Duration)
– Perbedaan dan persamaan penggunaan Present perfect VS Present Perfect Continues VS Present Continues
| Present Perfect (masih berlangsung (MB)) | Present Perfect Continues | Present Continues |
| Kejadian: Berlangsung | Berlangsung | Berlangsung |
| Rumus: S + Have/has + V3 | S + Have/has + been + Ving | S + is, am, are + Ving |
| Time signal dan time duration | Time signal dan time duration | Spesific Time Signal |
| Menggunakan Verb long Activity: Live, WOrk, Study, Get married, teach, want,….etc | All verbs (kecuali non-progressive vers) | All verbs (kecuali non progressive verbs) |
Contoh:
- He has lived in Pare for 2 years (present perfect)
- He has been watching TV for 2 hours (Present perfect continues)
- He is watching TV now (Present Continues)
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Kejadian Dalam Perfect Tense Ketiga: Semua Perfect Tense mengikuti pola present perfect dan present perfect continues, baik dari segi penggunaan time signal dan time duration.
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Kejadian Dalam Perfect Tense Keempat: Perfect tense umumnya identik dengan penggunaan Conjuction (menyatakan dua kejadian atau lebih berupa Clause)
Tambahan:
| Tense | Time Signal | Use |
| Present Perfect
Verbal Form S + have, has + V3 S + have, has + not + V3 Have, has + S + V3 Have, has + S + not + V3
Nominal Form S + Have, has + been + 3C S + have, has + not + been + 3C Have, has + S + been + 3C Have, has + S + not + been + 3C |
– Already (+)
– Just (+) – Not..yet (-) – Adverb of frequency – Adverb Showing Duration (as yet, so far, up to now, until now, up to the present) All (day), Recently, Lately – Spesific Time Duration (since, for) Pola: Since Conj: Since + S + V (S.Ps) Prep: Since + Past Time (Obj of Prep) Since: sejak (awal waktu) Since + last time + sejak yang lalu Pola: For For: Prep + Obj of Prep For: SSelama (akumulaSi waktu) For + the last time = selama…terakhir |
– Menyatakan peristiwa yang telah selesai terjadi pada waktu lampau (waktunya tidak dijelaskan) dan masih ada hubungannya sengan saat ini (since, for,..etc)
Example: She has lived in Pare up to now – Menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi lebih dari satu kali (repitition) Example: Robert has seen this movie three times – Menyatakan peristiwa yang sudah selesai pada waktu yang singkat Example: They have just drunk the tea |
| Present Perfect Continues
Verbal Form S + Have, has + been + Ving S + have, has + not + been + Ving Have, has + S + been + Ving Have, has + S + not + been + Ving
Normal Form in Present Perfect |
Spesific Time Signal or Time Duration in Present Perfect | – Menyatakan peristiwa/ perbuatan yang dimuali pada saat yang lalu dan masih di lanjutkan sampai sekarang (berdurasi)
Example: He has been watching TV for 2 hours when he usually calls me – Menyatakan peristiwa/ perbuatan yang sudah selesai dilakukan tetapi efeknya masih sangat dirasakan Example: Look! My friends are full because they have been eating a big buger |
| Past perfect
Verbal Form S + Had + V3 S + Had + not + V3 Had + S + V3 Had + S + not + V3
Nominal Form S + Had + beenr + 3C S + had + not + been +3C Had + S + been + 3C Had + S + not + been + 3C |
-Time signal in past time
– Bebentuk Clause (before, after, when…) Before + S.Ps. Ps. Pf Ps.Pf before S.Ps After Ps. Pf. S.Ps S.Ps after Ps.Pf When S. Ps, Ps. Pf Ps. Pf when S.Ps |
– Menyatakan peristiwa/perbuatan yang sudah selesa terjadi di waktu lampau.
Example: Before you called yesterday, she had given me a gift – Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ perbuatan yang masih berlangsung di waktu lampau. Example: When Alex visited her last year, she had lived in Pare for 10 years |
| Past Perfect Continues
Verbal Form S + had + been + Ving S + had + not + been + Ving Had + S + been + Ving Had + S + not + been + Ving
Nominal Form in Past Perfect |
– Time signal in Past Time
– Spesific Time (Time Duration) – Konsep 2 kejadian |
– Menayatakan peristiwa/ perbuatan yang sudah dimuali dan masih berlangsung (berdurasi) pada waktu lampau atas suatu peristiwa yang telah terjadi sebelum peristiwa lain.
Example: Yesterday, I Had been explaining the lesson for 2 hours when Harry passed out |
| Future Perfect
Verbal Form S + will/shall + have + V3 S + will/shall + not + have + v3 Will/shall + S + have + V3? Will/shall + S + not + have + V3?
Nominal Form S + will/shall + have + been + 3C S + will/shall + not + have + been + 3C Will/Shall + S + have + been + 3C Will/shall + S + not + have + been + 3C? |
– “By” (menjelang) + Time Signal in Future Time
– By nect Monday – By next Month |
– menyatakan peristiwa/perbuatan yang akan selesa dilakukan pada masa mendatang
Example: By next week, we will have studied grammar 2 in GE – Menyatakan peristiwa/ perbuatan yang masih dilakukan/ berlangsung dimasa mendatang Example: By the end of the year, Barry will have got married for 15 years – Menyatakan peristiwa/perbuatan yang telah selesa dimasa yang akan datang ketika kejadian yang lain terjadi Example: When my father comes tomorrow, I shall have finished the homework |
| Future Perfect Continues
Verbal Form S + will/shall + have + been + Ving S + will/shall + not + have + been + Ving Will/ shall + S + Have + been + Ving? Will/shall + S + not + have + been + Ving?
Nominal Form in Future Perfect |
– “By” (menjelang) + Time Signal in Future Time (Berdurasi)
– By….for… – By next week for a month – By the end of… |
– Menyatakan peristiwa/perbuatan yang masih erlangsung di amsa mendatang (berdurasi)
Example: By the end of this month, we shall have been studying English for three months |
Materi lengkapnya bisa kamu dapatkan di lembaga kursus Global English, Kampung Inggris Pare Kediri.
