3 Perbedaan dari Active Voice dan Passive Voice
Kalimat passive voice adalah kalimat yang subjectnya dikenal suatu perbuatan dan aktivitas. Apa perbedaan dari active voice dan passive voice? Adapun ciri-ciri kalimat passive:
Pola dasar passive voice: “BE” + V3
Perbedaan dari Active Voice dan Passive Voice:
Active Voice | Passive Voice |
a. Subject: sebagai pelaku
b. Verb: me…/ber.. c. Tense: 16 Tense 8 Non Continues 8 Continues 1. Simple present 2. Present Continues 3. Present Perfect 4. Present perfect Continues 5. Simple Past 6. Past Continues 7. Past Perfect 8. Past Perfect Continues 9. Simple Future 10. Future Continues 11. Future Perfect 12. Future Perfect Continues 13. Simple Past Future 14. Past Future Continues 15. Past Future Perfect 16. Past Future Perfect Continues |
a. Subject: Seabgai penderita
b. Ver: ter…/di… c. Tense: 10 Tense 8 Non Continues 2 Continues 1. Simple present 2. Present Continues 3. Present perfect 4. – 5. Simple Past 6. Past Continues 7. Past Perfect 8. – 9. Simple Future 10. – 11. Future Perfect 12. – 13. Simple Past Future 14. – 15. Past Future Perfect 16. – |
ACTIVE – PASSIVE VERB TENSE
Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
Simple Present | He delivers the letter | The letter is delivered by him |
Present Continues | He is delivering the letter | The letter is being delivered by him |
Present Perfect | He has delivered the letter | The letter has been delivered by him |
Simple past | He delivered the letter | The letter was delivered by him |
Past Continues | He was delivering the letter | The letter was being delivered by him |
Past perfect | He had delivered the letter | The letter had been delivered by him |
Simple Future | He will deliver the letter | The letter will be delivered by him |
Future Perfect | He will have delivered the letetr | The letter will have been delivered by him |
Simple Past Future | He would delivered the letter | The letter would be delivered by him |
Past Future Perfect | He would have delivered the letter | The letter would have been delivered by him |
Kalimat yang Dapat dipasifkan
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Kalimat Verbal
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Kalimat yang mempunyai Transitive Verb
Mengubah kalimat Active menjadi kalimat Passive
- Tentukan tense yang digunakan di kalimat active
- Tentukan “be” yang akan diaplikasikan di kalimat passive
- Mengubah posisi Object kalimat active menjad Subject kalimat passive
- Mengubah kata kerja utama Active menjadi bentuk passive
- Kalimat passive umumnya ditandai dengan preposisi “by” agent
Contoh:
Active Voice: Leslie took this photograph yesterday
Passive Voice: This photograph was taken by Leslie yesterday
Penulisan By Agent: Di tulis
Dalam penulisan passive voice, kita biasanya menggunakan “By” untuk menunjukkan agent atau pelaku – orang atau benda yang melakukan pekerjaan atau yang menyebabkan sesuatu terjadi. Penulisan ‘By Agent’ pada kalimat passive voice ditujukan karena untuk menambah informasi dalam kalimat passive voice tersebut.
Example:
This house was built by my grandfather
This great novel was written by JJ. Tolkien
Penulisan By Agent: Tidak Di Tulis
Tidak semua kalimat passive voice harus mencantumkan ‘By Agent’. ‘By Agent’ tidak disertakan dalam pembuatan passive voice jika:
- Tidak penting menyebutkan pelaku
Example: The book is put in the office
- Pelaku sudah umum diketahui
Example: Monas was built. (by the government)
- Pelaku tidak jelas (indefinite pronoun)
Example: Much money is given to me. ( by someone)
- Sudah menjadi profesi pelaku
Example: The car is driven. (by driver)
Kalimat yang Tidak Dapat Dipasifkan
Tapi tidak semua kalimat bahasa Inggris bisa di passivekan. Berikut ini merupakan jenis-jenis kalimat tersebut.
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Kalimat Nominal
Kalimat nominal adalah kalimat bahasa Inggris yang membutuhkan “to be” (am, is, are, was, were) sebagai kata kerja utama.
Example:
I am beautiful
He is sad
They were tired
Jenis kalimat tersebut diatas tidak dapat dipassivekan.
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Kalimat yang menggunakan IntransItive Verb
Kalimat yang mengandung verb (kata kerja) intransitif atau kata kerja yang tidak membutuhkan objek.
Example:
I sleep there
He arrives at home
She dies
Verb (kata kerja) intransitive seperti ‘sleep’, ‘arrive’, dan ‘die’ yang tidak memiliki objek tidak bisa dipassivekan.
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Kalimat Yang Menggunakan Transitive Verb Tertentu
Membuat kalimat passive syarta utamanya adalah menggunakan Transitive Ver (kata kerja yang membutuhkan objek). Namun, ada pengecualian untuk Transitive Verb dibawah ini yang memang tidak bisa dipassivekan walaupun termasuk kedalam Trasitive Verb.
- Lack (kurang) : Your sister lacks tack.
- Fit (Pas) : My shoes don’t fit me
- Suit (Cocok) : This dress suits me well
- Have (memiliki) ; They have a nice house
- Resemble (mirip) : She resembles a famous artist
Khusus (“have” = memiliki/mempunyai) tidak bisa dipassivekan menurut rumus/structure, akan tetapi bisa dipassivekan berdasarkan meaning/arti dengan menggantinya menjadi (“belong to” “proses” “own” = dimiliki)
Example:
Active Voice : He has a good car
Passive Voice (Structure): –
Passive Voice (meaning):
A good car belongs to him
A good car is possesed by Him
A good car is owned by him.
Demikian Itulah 3 Perbedaan dari Active Voice dan Passive Voice.