Ini Dia Pengertian Tenses, Rumus Serta Penggunaannya

(V1)

(V-s/ -es)

(V2)

(V3)

(V-ing)

Verbal Form

S + V-s/ es

S + do, does + not + V1

Do/Does + S + V1

Do/Does + S + not + V1

Nominal Form

S + is, am, are + 3C

S + is, am, are + not + 3C

Is, am, are + S + 3C

Is, am, are + S + not + 3C

(Setiap…)

– Always

(100%)

(Selalu)

– Usually

90%

(Biasanya)

-Generally

80%

(Umumnya)

-Habitually

(seperti biasanya)

-As a rule

(biasanya)

-Normally

(biasanya)

-Often

70% (Sering)

-Seldom

20% (Jarang)

-Rarely

10% (Sangat jarang)

– Sometimes

50% (kadang-kadang)

-Now and then

(Kadang-kadang)

-Occasionally

30% (kadang-kadang)

-On and Off (kadang-kadang)

-Regularly (Secara tetap)

-Frequently

(sering)

-On (day)

(pada)

Example: She always goes to garden every day

– Menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth) di masa sekarang

Example: The earth is round

-Menyatakan kecakapan/kemampuan (ability), watak/sifat seseorang

Example:

My boss is friendly

-Sebagai Head line news (judul berita utama) dalam surat kabar/majalah

Example:

Jokowi visits Papua

– Kalimat perintah/ larangan

Example:

Don’t take your book (-)

Take your book (+)

– Future time/time table (waktu yang sudah terjadwal) atau setiap waktunya sama bahkan dimasa yang akan datang

Example:

Global English open at 8 o’clock tomorrow

-Series of action (kejadian yang berurutan)

Example:

This is a big match, a player gets a ball from Sunhaii and brings it to the goal keeper and goals

-Sebagai pengganti Present Continues apabila terdapat “certain Non Progressive verbs”

Example:

She is wanting an apple (salah)

She wants an apple (benar)

Verbal Form

S + is, am, are + Ving

S + is, am, are + not +Ving

Is, am, are + S + Ving

Is, am, are + S + not + Ving

Nominal Form in

Simple Present

– Right Now

– At present

– At the moment

– At this moment

– Today

(sekarang/ saat ini)

– This morning (pagi ini)

– This afternoon (sore ini)

– This evening (malam ini)

– Tonight (malam ini/nanti malam)

– Next (time) (selanjutnya)

– Look! (Lihat)

– Listen! (dengar!)

– Hear! (Dengar!)

Example:

We are studying grammar 2 now

– Menyatakan rasa jengkel (always/ forever/ constantly)

Example: He is always/ forever/constantly using my phone

– Menyatakan keadaan yang berangsur-angsur berubah saat ini.

Example:

The weather is getting colder and colder

You speaking skill is improving

– Menyatakan kejadian yang berlangsng tetapi masih dalam kerangka proses (this time)

Example: they are eriting a novel this month

– Menyatakan future time (menggunakan time signal simple future/keterangan waktu harus disebutkan)

Example: She is coming to my home tomorrow

Verbal Form

S + V2

S + did + not + V1

Did + S + V1

Did + S + not + V1

Nominal Form

S + was, were + 3C

S + was, were + not + 3C

Was, were + S + 3C

Was, were + S + not + 3C

– Last (time) (…yang lalu)

– Cardinal Number (ago) (…yang lalu)

– Yesterday (kemarin)

– In (past time) (pada)

This (time) (tadi..)

Example:

We often stole mango behind his house

We were used to stealing mango behind his house

We were accustomed to stealing mango behind his house

Used to + V1/ “be” used to + object 9gerund, noun…) = “be” accustomed to + obj (gerund, noun…) / get used to + object (gerund, noun…)

UUsed to + V1: mengungkapkan sebuah aktivitas atau kejadian dimasa lalu atau kebenaran di amsa lalu yang pada saat ini sudah tidak pernah dilakukan lagi.

Example:

She used to love me but not anymore (dia dulu mencintaiku, tapi sekarang tidak lagi)

“Be” used to + obj = “Be” accustomed to + Obj: menjelaskan sebuah aktivitas yang menjadi sebuah kebiasaan bagi seseorang.

“Be” (is, am, are: kebiasaan saat ini), (was were: kebiasaan masa lalu)

Example:

Rina is used to living alone

(Rina terbiasa tinggal sendiri)

– get used to + obj: mengungkapkan sesuatu dalam proses menjadi normal, atau kini menjadi biasa.

Example:

He doesn’t like smoking, but he will get used to it

(Dia tidak suka merokok, tapi da akn terbiasa dengan itu.

I got used to working as a team in a big company

(Saya menjadi terbiasa bekerja dalam tim di perusahaan besar

-Menyatakan kebenaran umum (gerund truth) waktu lampau

Example: Soeharto was our second president.

Verbal Form

S + was, were, Ving

S + was, were + not + Ving

Was, were + S + Ving

Was, were + S + not + Ving

Nominal Form in

Simple Past

– At 5 o’clock last week (pada pukul 5 minggu lalu)

-At this time yesterday (pada saat ini kemarin)

-At the same time yesterday (pada saat yang sama kemarin)

Example:

Last year at this time, she was attending school

– Menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi di waktu lampau ketika perbuatan lain terjadi

Example: He called me while I was studying grammar

Verbal Form

S + will/shall + V1

S + will/shall + not + V1

Will/shall + S + V1

Will/shall + S + not + V1

Nominal Form

S + will/shall + be + 3C

S + will/shall + not + be + 3C

Will/shall + S + be + 3C

Will/shall + S + not + be + 3C

– Tomorrow (besok)

– Next + (time/ day) (…selanjutnya)

– Cardinal Number + (later) (…selanjutnya)

– Tonight (nanti malam)

– Soon ( segera)

Example:

Steward will visit my home tomorrow.

-Digunakan untuk kalimat  conditional sentence (kalimat bersyarat jenis pertama)

Example: You will pass the test if you study hard.

– Menyatakan kebiasaan di masa mendatang (habitual action in future)

Example:

They will always help her next month

– Menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth) di masa mendatang

Example:

Everyone will die.

– Menyatakan rencana (palnning)

1. Prior plan (sudah terencana)

Pola: S + BE GOING TO + V1

Example:

Why did you buy this paint?

I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow

2. Spontaneity (spontanitas)

Pola: S + wILL/sHALL +V1

Example:

The phone is hinging. I will pick the phone up.

3. Imminent Fullfilment ( hampir terjadi/ akan segera terjadi)

Pola: S + Wil/Shall +V1

Example:

Daniel is in airport. He is about tp go to Bali.

The show is about to begin. Please silence your cell phone.

-Menyatakan suatu prediksi

Pola:

S + Will/ Shall + V1

S + Be going to + V1

Example:

According to the weather report, it will be cloudy tomorrow

According to the weather report, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow.

Verbal Form

S + will/shall + be + Ving

S + will/shall + not + be + Ving

Will/shall + S + be + Ving

Will/shall + S + not + be + Ving

Nominal Form in

Simple Future

– At the same time tomorrow (pada waktu yang sama besok)

– At this time tomorrow (pada saat seperti ini besok)

– Tomorrow morning (besok pagi)

Example:

We will be studying grammar 2 at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning.

Verbal Form

S + have, has + V3

S + have, has + not + V3

Have, has + S + V3

Have, has + S + not + V3

Nominal Form

S + Have, has + been + 3C

S + have, has + not + been + 3C

Have, has + S + been + 3C

Have, has + S + not + been + 3C

– Just (+)

– Not..yet (-)

– Adverb of frequency

– Adverb Showing Duration (as yet, so far, up to now, until now, up to the present) All (day), Recently, Lately

– Spesific Time Duration (since, for)

Pola: Since

Conj: Since + S + V (S.Ps)

Prep: Since + Past Time (Obj of Prep)

Since: sejak (awal waktu)

Since + last time + sejak yang lalu

Pola: For

For: Prep + Obj of Prep

For: SSelama (akumulaSi waktu)

For + the last time = selama…terakhir

Example:

She has lived in Pare up to now

– Menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi lebih dari satu kali (repitition)

Example:

Robert has seen this movie three times

– Menyatakan peristiwa yang sudah selesai pada waktu yang singkat

Example:

They have just drunk the tea

Verbal Form

S + Have, has + been + Ving

S + have, has + not + been + Ving

Have, has + S + been + Ving

Have, has + S + not + been + Ving

Normal Form in Present Perfect

Example:

He has been watching TV for 2 hours when he usually calls me

– Menyatakan peristiwa/ perbuatan yang sudah selesai dilakukan tetapi efeknya masih sangat dirasakan

Example:

Look! My friends are full because they have been eating a big buger

Verbal Form

S + Had + V3

S + Had + not + V3

Had + S + V3

Had + S + not + V3

Nominal Form

S + Had + beenr + 3C

S + had + not + been +3C

Had + S + been + 3C

Had + S + not + been + 3C

– Bebentuk Clause (before, after, when…)

Before + S.Ps. Ps. Pf

Ps.Pf before S.Ps

After Ps. Pf. S.Ps

S.Ps after Ps.Pf

When S. Ps, Ps. Pf

Ps. Pf when S.Ps

Example:

Before you called yesterday, she had given me a gift

– Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ perbuatan yang masih berlangsung di waktu lampau.

Example:

When Alex visited her last year, she had lived in Pare for 10 years

Verbal Form

S + had + been + Ving

S + had + not + been + Ving

Had + S + been + Ving

Had + S + not + been + Ving

Nominal Form in Past Perfect

– Spesific Time (Time Duration)

– Konsep 2 kejadian

Example:

Yesterday, I Had been explaining the lesson for 2 hours when Harry passed out

Verbal Form

S + will/shall + have + V3

S + will/shall + not + have + v3

Will/shall + S + have + V3?

Will/shall + S + not + have + V3?

Nominal Form

S + will/shall + have + been + 3C

S + will/shall + not + have + been + 3C Will/Shall + S + have + been + 3C

Will/shall + S + not + have + been + 3C?

– By nect Monday

– By next Month

Example: By next week, we will have studied grammar 2 in GE

– Menyatakan peristiwa/ perbuatan yang masih dilakukan/ berlangsung dimasa mendatang

Example:

By the end of the year, Barry will have got married for 15 years

– Menyatakan peristiwa/perbuatan yang telah selesa dimasa yang akan datang ketika kejadian yang lain terjadi

Example:

When my father comes tomorrow, I shall have finished the homework

Verbal Form

S + will/shall + have + been + Ving

S + will/shall + not + have + been + Ving

Will/ shall + S + Have + been + Ving?

Will/shall + S + not + have + been + Ving?

Nominal Form in Future Perfect

– By….for…

– By next week for a month

– By the end of…

Example:

By the end of this month, we shall have been studying English for three months