- Variasi kalimat passive voice pada modal auxiliary
- Variasi kalimat passive voice pada Distransitive Verb
- Variasi kalimat passive voice pada question sentence
Pada umumnya yang harus dipahami adalah passive voice bukan hanya sebuah statement sentence, akan tetapi sama halnya dengan kalimat active voice yang memiliki beberapa variasi seperti yang disebutkan diatas.
Variasi Kalimat Pasiive terdiri dari:
-
Variasi Kalimat Passive: Modal Auxiliary Verb
Kinds:
-
Modal Murni Non Perfect
AV: S+M+V1+O
PV: S+M+BE+V3+ (BY AGENT)
Example:
AV: Ryan will sell the phone
PV: The phone will be sold by Ryan
-
Modal Murni Perfect
AV: S+M+HAVE+V3+O
PV: S+M+HAVE+BEEN+V3+ (BY AGENT)
Example:
AV: S+M+HAVE+V3+O
PV: S+M+HAVE+BEEN+V3+ (BY AGENT)
Example:
AV: Ryan will have spld the phone
PV: The phone will have sold by Ryan
-
Similar Expression of Modal
| Modal Murni | S.E.O.M | MEANING |
| WILL
CAN MAY WOULD SHOULD MUST |
BE GOING TO
BE ABLE TO BE ALLOWED TO USED TO BE SUPPOSED TO HAVE TO HAVE GOT TO BE TO |
AKAN
BISA, DAPAT BOLEH DULU TERBIASA SEHARUSNYA HARUS – – |
Example:
AV: Ryan is going to sell the phone
PV: The phone is going to be sold by Ryan
-
Modal Campuran
AV: S+M+SEOM+V+O
PV: S+M+SEOM+BE+V3+ (BY AGENT)
AV: S+SEOM+SEOM+V+O
PV: S+SEOM+SEOM+BE+V3+ (BY AGENT)
Example:
AV: Steven must be able to help Steward
PV: Steward must be able to helped by Steven
AV: Steven has to be able to help Steward
PV: Steward has to be able to be helped by Steven
-
Variasi Kalimat Passive: Distransitive Verb
Distransitive verb adalah sekelompok kata kerja yang membutuhkan 2 object. Kata kerja jenis ini memiliki “certain verbs”.
| Ask | bring | buy | cost | give | get |
| Lend | leave | make | owe | offer | pass |
| Promise | pay | refuse | play | read | sing |
| Show | send | sell | say | tell | teach |
| Take | wish | write |
Note: Direct obect (DO)/Object langsung: umunya berupa “thing”
Indirect object (IO)/Object tidak langsung: umumnya berupa “person”
-
Variasi Direct Object (DO)
AV: S+V+DO+TO/FOR+IO
PV: S(DO) + BE + V3 + TO/FOR + IO + (BY AGENT)
Example:
AV: Vin buys a book for me
PV (DO): A book is bought for me by Vin
-
Variasi Indirect Object (IO)
AV: She was sending me a letter
PV (IO): I was being sent a letter by her.
-
Variasi Kalimat Passive: Question Sentence
Jenis-jenis kalimat tanya ada 2 jenis:
-
Question Sentence
Definisi: Kalimat yang berupa pertanyaan.
Question sentence ini dibagi menjadi 2:
- Yes/No Question (Y/N Q)
Definisi: Kalimat tanya yang membutuhkan jawaban yes atau no. Ciri-ciri:
- Menggunakan kata tanya selain 8W, 1H
- Kata tanya yang dipakai adalah kata kerja bantu (verb auxiliary)
- Tidak terdapat variasi
- Rumus kalimat verbal
(+) Subject + verb auxiliary1 + verb ordinary + (object/adverb)
(-) Subject + verb auxiliary1 + not + verb ordinary + (object/adverb)
(?+) Verb auxiliary1 + subject +verb ordinary + (object/adverb) + ?
(?-) Verb auxi;iary1 + subject + not + verb ordinary + object/dverb) + ?
Example:
(+) These films have been seen by them
(?) Have these films been seen by them?
(?-) Have these films not been seen by them?
-
Information Question
Definisi: Kalimat tanya yang membutuhkan jawaban berupa informasi. Ciri-ciri:
- Menngunkan kata tanya 8W, 1H
- Kata kerja bantu (verb auxiliary) diposisikan setelah 8W, 1H.
- Terdapat beberapa variasi
- Menanyakan Subject keseluruhan (SK)
- Menanyakan Subject Sebagian (SS)
- Menanyakan Verb
- Menanyakan Object Keseluruhan (OK)
- Menanyakan Object Sebagian (OS)
- Menanyakan adverb
Daftar kata tanya 8W, 1H:
| Kata Tanya (8W, 1H) | Menanyakan |
| Who | Subject ‘person” |
| Whom | Object “person” |
| What | Subject & Object “thing”, Verb |
| Where | Place “tempat” |
| When | Time “waktu” |
| Why | Reason ‘alasan” |
| Which | Choice “pilihan”, “sifat” |
| Whose | Possesive “kepemilikan” |
| How
– How many – How much – How far – Ho long – How often, etc |
Manner “cara”
Quantity “jumlah yang bisa dihitung” Quantity “jumlah yang tidak bisa dihitung” Distance “jarak” Freequency “keseringan” dan lain sebagainya |
Variasi-variasi di Information Question:
-
– Menanyakan Subject Keseluruhan (SK)
Pola:
QW + Vaux1 + Subejct + V… + Vord + (by agent)
QW: WHO, WHAT
Subject: Dihapus
– The car is being washed by her.
Y/N Q: Is the car being washed by her?
SK?: What is the car being washed by her?
– Many books are read by him.
Y/N Q: Are many books read by him?
SK?: What are many books read by him? | What is read by him?
– Many books were read by him yesterday.
Y/N Q: Were many books read by him yesterday?
SK?: What were many books read by him yesterday? | What was read by him yesterday?
-
– Menanyakan Subject Sebagian (SS)
Pola:
QW + N + Vaux1 + V… + Vord + (by agent)?
QW: How many, how much, which, whose,,,,,, + N
Hal-hal yang ditanyakan di Subject sebagian: Dihapus
- My TV is thrown by her
Y/N Q: Is my TV thrown by her?
SS: Whose is thrown by her? (Whose TV is thrown by her?)
-
– Menanyakan Verb
Pola:
QW + Vaux1 + Subject + V…. + Vord + (By agent)?
QW: What
Subject: Dihapus
Verb Ord: Diganti “done”
- Grammar was taught by a teacher
Y/N Q: Was grammar taught by a teacher?
V?: What was done by a teacher?
-
– Menanyakan Object Keseluruhan (OK)
Pola:
QW + Vaux1 + Subject + V… + Vord + by + agent?
QW: What, Whom
Object (Agent): Dihapus
- The book will be bought by Ann.
Y/N Q: Will the book be bought by Ann?
OK?: Whom will the book be bought by?
By whom will the book be bought?
– Menanyakan Object Sebagian (OS)
Pola:
QW + Vaux1 + Subject + V…… + Vord + (by agent)?
QW: How many, how much, which, whose,….+ N
Hal-hal yang ditanyakan di Object sebagian: Dihapus
- Three books will be taken by my friend.
Y/N Q: Will three books be taken by my friend?
OS?: Whose…will three books be taken by friend?
(Whose friend will three books be taken by?)
(By whose friend will three books be taken?)
-
-Menanyakan Adverb
Pola:
QW + Vaux1 + Subject + V…. + Vord + (by agent) + Adverb?
QW: Where, when, how often, etc.
Adverb: Dihapus
- A novel is being written by her now.
Y/N Q: Is a novel being written by her now?
ADV?: When is a novel being written by her?
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